Time switch
A time switch (also called a timer switch, or simply a timer) is a timer that operates an electric switch controlled by the timing mechanism.

The switch may be connected to an electric circuit operating from mains power, including via a relay or contactor; or low voltage, including battery-operated equipment in vehicles. It may be built into power circuits (as with central heating or water heater timer), plugged into a wall outlet with equipment plugged into the timer instead of directly into the PowerPoint; or built into the equipment.

The mechanism may be mechanical (e.g., clockwork; rarely used nowadays), electromechanical (e.g., a slowly rotating geared motor that mechanically operates switches), or electronic, with semiconductor timing circuitry and switching devices and no moving parts.

The timer may switch equipment on, off, or both, at a preset time or times, after a preset interval, or cyclically. A countdown time switch switches power, usually off, after a preset time. A cyclical timer switches equipment both on and off at preset times over a period, then repeats the cycle; the period is usually 24 hours or 7 days.

Timers may do other processing or have sensors; for example, a timer may switch on lights only during hours of darkness, using a seasonal algorithm[2] or light sensor. Combining the two allows light to come on at sundown and go off at midnight, for example.

Digital time switches
With ABB’s digital timer switches, you can cut your energy consumption easily. The DBT timer app allows you to perfectly program the energy usage with a significantly reduced configuration time.

Lighting, heating, ventilation, and watering of gardens can easily be controlled according to a customized schedule to only use the energy that is needed. DBT digital time switches are ideally suited to program the operation according to daily, weekly or annual schedules in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

In addition to saving energy, with the new DBT timer app, you also save up to 80% of commissioning time and effort yourself.

Mechanical electric timer switches ; ;
These mechanical timer switches ;were the first to appear on the market. They consist of a small electric motor that drives a clock which is typically 24 hours, although ones for a week are also available. A dial is marked for the 24 hours or other time period and around this is a mechanical setting system. This triggers the mechanical switch to toggle between on and off as required.

The advantage of these mechanical switches is that they are very easy and intuitive to set.

What is the principle of the push button switches?
The push button ;switch ;is usually used to turn on and off the control circuit, and it is a kind of control switch appliance that is widely used. It is used in electrical automatic control circuits to manually send control signals to control contactors, relays, electromagnetic starters, etc. Its characteristic is that it is installed in the machine and instrument in the process of work, most of the time is in the initial free state position, and only when needed, it is converted to the second state (position) under the action of external force. Once the external force is removed, due to With the action of the spring, the switch returns to the initial position.

The push button switch can complete basic controls such as start, stop, forward and reverse rotation, speed change, and interlock. Usually, each push button switch has two pairs of contacts. Each pair of contacts consists of a NO contact and an NC contact. When the button is pressed, the two pairs of contacts act simultaneously, the NC contact is disconnected, and the NO contact is closed.

Circuit Breaker
Circuit breaker, automatic switch in an electric circuit. Its function is similar to that of a fuse—to open the circuit if abnormal current conditions occur, usually overloads—but it is not destroyed in operation and can be closed again. The simplest circuit breakers are operated by a solenoid that is activated by an excessive increase in current flow. Small circuit breakers are widely used in place of fuses to protect electrical systems in homes.

MCB | All You Need To Know About Miniature Circuit Breakers
A miniature circuit breaker is an electromagnetic device that carries a complete molded insulating material. The primary function of this device is to switch the circuit. This means to automatically open the circuit (which has been connected to it) when the current passing through the circuit goes beyond a set value or limit. The device can be manually switched ON or OFF just like normal switches whenever necessary.

MCBs ;are time-delay tripping devices. In these devices, the operating time is controlled by the magnitude of overcurrent passing through it, which means that the device functions whenever there is an overload existing for long periods, long enough to endanger the circuit being protected. MCBs do not respond to transients such as motor starting currents or switch surges. Typically, these devices are designed to operate at less than 2.5 milliseconds when there are short circuit faults and between 2 seconds to 2 minutes in case of overloads.

Molded Case Circuit Breakers Explained
A molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) is a type of electrical protection device that is used to protect the electrical circuit from excessive current, which can cause overload or short circuits. With a current rating of up to 2500A, MCCBs can be used for a wide range of voltages and frequencies with adjustable trip settings. These breakers are used instead of miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) in large-scale PV systems for system isolation and protection purposes.

How the MCCB operates

The MCCB uses a temperature-sensitive device (the thermal element) with a current-sensitive electromagnetic device (the magnetic element) to provide the trip mechanism for protection and isolation purposes. This enables the MCCB to provide: overload protection, electrical fault protection against short circuit currents, and an electrical switch for disconnection.

Residual Current Operated Circuit Breaker (RCBO) Principle ;and Advantages
A Residual Current Operated Circuit Breaker ; (RCBO) is a critical safety measure when protecting electrical circuits. The RCBO is a current sensing component that can automatically disconnect and measure the circuit whenever the current exceeds the rated sensitivity, or a fault happens in a connected circuit.

This device is purposed to protect one from the risk of electrical shocks, firesand electrocution. It can also assist in sudden earth faults. The installation of an RCBO ensures that a circuit trips immediately and protects you from electric shock. After knowing the RCBO meaning, you can continue to read this article to uncover more regarding the principles and advantages.

Working principle of RCBO

RCBO works on Kirchhoff’s principle that the incoming current should be the same as the outgoing current in a circuit. RCBO compared the difference in current values between neutral and live wires. Admittedly, the current that flows to the circuit from the live wire should equal the one that flows through the neutral wire.

If a fault happens, the current from the neutral wire reduces, and the differential between the two is referred to as the Residential Current. When the Residential Current is identified, the electrical system triggers the RCBO to trip off the circuit.

The test circuit included in the residual current device ensures that the RCBO reliability is tested. After you push the test button, the current begins to flow in the test circuit since it established an imbalance on the neutral coil, the RCBO trips, and the supply disconnects and checked the reliability of the RCBO.

What is the advantage of RCBO?

All in one device

Generally, RCBOs can be installed within a short period. Therefore, the RCBOs are used by electricians who want to avoid installing both MCB and RCBO breakers.

Protection functions

It is a compact protection component which offers RCBO earth fault protection and MCB overcurrent protection in a single unit. The device will switch both the neutral and line conductors. The Units feature indicators that demonstrate if a trip is due to an earth fault or overcurrent.

Compact size

The RCBO circuit breaker is the best option for installations in places with limited space. RCBOs have small widths that allow you to install several components in one enclosure.

Short installation time

RCBO provides a discriminating and reliable residual current protection. The elimination of separate circuit breakers and fuses substantially minimizes space needs and installation time.

High switching capacity

RCBOs have a considerably higher rated switching capacity than the residential current operated circuit breakers since the MCB component that offers short circuit protection undertakes short circuit clearing.